Osha ladder requirements 2019. 8 – Requirements for Ladder Accessories – 2020 ; A14.

Osha ladder requirements 2019 The OSHA standard for construction (29 CFR 1926. (OSHA 2019). 23(b)(13) - Fall Protection Requirements for Fixed Ladders - Includes Requirements for Elevators, Escalators, Dumbwaiters, Moving With Automatic Transfer Devices AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME A17. 29 - Ladder Fall Protection Criteria & Practices 50 OSHA 1910. This article will provide a OSHA 1910. e. OSHA’s ladder safety requirements are in 1926. [29 CFR 1915. Facebook Twitter Instagram Youtube Linkedin. gov. These guidelines help prevent accidents and injuries. But they also pose serious risks if not maintained properly. This publication does not alter or determine compliance responsibilities, which are set forth in OSHA standards and the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Harkins, CSP 1720 Centre Park Drive East West Palm Beach, Florida 33401 Dear Mr. OSHA provides a number of recommendations for best practices in ladder use in its general requirements. See posting requirements for notices in other languages (OSHA Letter of Interpretation, Nov. OSHA Standard 1910. 18 Workers using portable ladder. Minimum design loads, stresses, materials and safety features like fall Cal/OSHA Requirements. 8 – Requirements for Ladder Accessories – 2020 • A14. 06/05/2019 - Ladder Grasp Requirements - [1910. 27(b) [81 FR 82990-82991, Nov. Enclosure surrounding climbing space of ladder; For all new and existing fixed ladders with heights less than 24’ above a lower level, no fall protection is required by OSHA but ladder cages, ladder safety systems, or fall arrest systems can be used if desired. It phases out the use of cages or wells for fall protection, and everything is to beimplemented under a very precise timeline. , mobile ladder stands) are used in businesses with warehouses, material storage facilities, merchandise distribution centers, and in home improvement stores. Help and Resources. OSHA. 23(b) Understanding the Fixed Ladder Requirements. The employer must ensure: (1) Ladder rungs, steps, and cleats are parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in position for use; Update will require fixed ladders to have ladder safety or personal fall protection systems. New Height Requirement Fall protection is now mandatory for fixed ladders higher than (or that extends beyond) 24 feet. Ladder Safety Requirements. When Is A PFAS Required? Under the new regulations, a ladder over 24’ foot high (b) General requirements for all ladders. See new requirements for submitting injury and illness data. 5, American National Standards for Ladders - Portable Reinforced Plastic Safety Requirements; ANSI ASC A14. 219 - Mechanical power-transmission A stairway, ladder, ramp or other safe means of egress shall be located in trench excavations that are 4 feet In addition to the requirements set forth in subparts D and E of this part (29 CFR 1926. 1, 2023, to Sept. Tripod or orchard ladders are the exceptions. J. In summary, OSHA ladder safety gates are simple, self-closing barriers that prevent falls and enhance safety in workplaces with elevated ladder access points. OSHA Guidance Document. Training Requirements in Cal/OSHA Regulations. 27 Fixed Ladders - Free download as PDF File (. Refer to T8 CCR for the complete set of requirements. 3-1984 entitled American National Standard for Ladders — Fixed — Safety Requirements, as amended from time to time, other than section 7 of that Standard. 28 mandates all newly installed permanent, fixed ladders in the United States over 24' in height be equipped with an OSHA-compliant ladder safety system. Falls, whether from a certain height or simply on the floor, are one of the leading causes of serious work-related injuries and deaths, making these regulations essential. 1910. Interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. . Therefore, due to their specific structure and purpose, disappearing Earlier standard editions are available by contacting the American Ladder Institute a (216) 241-7333. 6 in 2019. Per OSHA 1910. PROGRAM INFORMATION AND AUTHORIZATION Program Overview OSHA 1910. 8-2019 can be acquired as part of the following standards packages: ANSI ASC A14. The employer must ensure: Ladder rungs, steps, and cleats are parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in position for use; Response: For fixed ladders that extend more than 24 feet (7. Federal Government White House; Benefits. In late 2016, OSHA published an update to its walking-working surface rule ANSI-ASC A14. 1541 . 1-2016/CSA B44-16) ASME A17. First of all, the ruling from OSHA 1910. Ladders are common tools in many industries. 8-2019: Scaffolding Safety Requirements is available OSHA CAGED LADDER UPDATE. 30, 2024) The following is a list of the top 10 most frequently cited standards following inspections of worksites by federal OSHA for all industries. txt) or read online for free. Commonly Used Statistics Federal OSHA coverage Federal OSHA is a small agency; with our state partners we have approximately 1,850 inspectors responsible for the health and safety of 130 million workers, employed at more than 8 million worksites around the nation — which translates to about one compliance officer for every 70,000 workers. OSHA will deem those stairs in compliance if they meet the dimension requirements specified in Table 49 FR 5321, Feb. Data ; 1-800-321-OSHA 1-800-321-6742 www. General requirements for all ladders. 3 m) above a lower level, 29 CFR 1910. However, as a unique type of ladder that often makes little use of space in the home, disappearing attic stairways need to be designed and installed carefully. • A14. Ladder safety systems may be used on tower, water tank, and chimney ladders over 20 feet in unbroken length in lieu of cage protection. October 17, 2019. gpo. This can happen because they are tired, the rungs were slippery from rain, or a strong wind caught them by surprise. 9 (1) A fixed ladder installed after the day of the coming into force of this section shall be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with the requirements of ANSI Standard A14. Occupational Health and Safety Act: Regulations: Ergonomics Note: For air contaminants for which OSHA has not determined a dose or permissible exposure limit, other sources of information, such as Material Safety Data Sheets that comply with the Hazard Communication Standard, § 1910. OSHA has specific ladder inspection requirements to keep workers safe. 05 m) or less in overall length, and shall increase at least¼ inch (0. 17, 2019] Scroll to Top. The new rule includes requirements to protect workers from Each must meet the minimum OSHA requirements outlined in section 1926. f a l l p r o t e c t . Dear Ms. SHIB 09-27-2019 Introduction Mobile ladder stands and platforms (i. OSHA; Standards; Enforcement; Topics; Media Center; For the 2019 fiscal year, OSHA recognized violations against its 1926. The “Cal/OSHA Safety & Health Training and Instruction Require - OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards, and regulations. Dear Dr. 14 Extension ladders. 23 and 1910. Ladders must be inspected before initial use on each shift, but did you know that OSHA considers stepstools to be a type of portable ladder? Not every device sold as a "stepstool" meets OSHA's definition, but many stools are regulated as portable ladders. Keith W. 30 - Training Requirements 57 OSHA 1910. of DSC 306 Country Club Drive Wilmington, Delaware 19803. If you’re in charge of your company’s safety and compliance or oversee the maintenance of your company’s facilities and equipment, OSHA Ladder Safety: General Requirements and Rules for All Ladders. When discussing the new ruling, the Federal Register states, "OSHA estimates that final standard rule will prevent 29 fatalities and 5,842 injuries annually. 5 in 2020 and No. This document provides regulations from OSHA regarding the design, construction and use of fixed ladders. 25(b)(3 2017. 61 m) of ladder length. This is important to note because Subpart X contains: 1926. 464 K Beveling and The employer must ensure that each ladder used meets the requirements of this section. 502(d) PLEASE NOTE: A ladder that is less than 24’ feet high does “not” require a fall arrest system of any sort. 8 – Requirements for Ladder Accessories – 2020 ; A14. This section covers all ladders, except when the ladder is: ( 1 ) Used in emergency operations such as firefighting, rescue, and tactical law enforcement operations, or training for these operations; or June 5, 2019. Dr. 17 Stepladders. OSHA; Standards; Enforcement; Topics; Media Center; Contact Us; U. Jose Crespo (32) died in fall from ladder. Let’s take a look at the key changes, and how the new OSHA ladder requirements could affect you. OSHA 1910. gov; Scaffolds used in general industry must meet the requirements in 29 CFR part 1926, subpart L (Scaffolds). gov USA. Title 8 of California Code of Regulations (T8 CCR) specifies many requirements for fall protection in are selected regulations that contain fall protection requirements. Need 4-5/8” clearance. 3 on OSHA’s list of most cited for 2024, 2023, 2022, and 2021, having risen from No. Learn how to create a secure workplace environment, reduce risks and foster a culture of safety. 217 App C - Mandatory requirements for OSHA recognition of third-party validation organizations for the PSDI standard 1910. New Ladder Safety StandardsThe new rule brought forward by OSHA sets out a requirement for employers to haveladder safety or personal fall arrest systems for fixed ladders that extend more than 24feet. OSHA, (2011). 15 General limitation re length. Madison, MS 39110. That’s where OSHA ladder inspection requirements come in. 12 Site-fabricated portable wood ladder. They include advice on positioning, securing, (1) When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, the ladder side rails shall extend at least 3 feet (. 16 Portable ladders. For center-opening cars or when the door unlocking device is too far from the ladder or you can’t put the ladder on the strike side. On this topic, OSHA states the following: The employer may use a cage or well in combination with a personal fall arrest system or ladder safety system provided that the cage or well does not interfere with the operation of the Administration (OSHA) has established standards for the ladders that workers use in the workplace to help prevent unsafe equipment use and falls or other injuries from ladders. Top 10 Most Frequently Cited Standards for Fiscal Year 2024 (Oct. Office of Special Counsel OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH Frequently Asked Questions A - Z Index Freedom of Information Act - OSHA Read The OSHA OSHA’s ladders standard for construction was the sixth-most-frequently cited agency standard in FY 2018. by David Ivey. Falls from ladders account for 20 percent of all fatal and lost work-day injuries in general industry. 1915. Also available in Spanish. . S. Selected T8 CCR Sections . OSHA; Standards; Recordkeeping Requirements and Forms ; Safety and Health Programs ; Support After a Loss ; Whistleblower Protections ; HELP AND RESOURCES Back. 1-2019/CSA B44:19 J Relationship of Pit Ladder to Hoistway Door Unlocking Means. 2 / ANSI ASC A14. 9 m) above the upper landing surface to which the ladder is used to gain access; or, when such an extension is not possible because of the ladder's length, then the ladder shall be secured at its top to a rigid support that will not deflect, and a grasping device, such as Fixed Ladder Fall Protection Requirements, Ladder Safety. c o m Chapter 1 Overview Page 3 Properly protect your employees It has been several years since this was acceptable, and OSHA continues to emphasize the alternate solutions. OSHA’s ladder safety standards are designed to protect workers from falls and injuries when using ladders on the job. a). 28 Requirements and Example Solutions: The employer shall not permit employees to board or leave any vessel, except a barge or river towboat, until the following requirements have been met: An adequate gangway must be provided. Occupational Safety and Health Administration 200 Explore the guide to OSHA safety requirements for ladders. Corporate Health and Safety Specialist 103 Northridge Rd. ANSI/ASSP A10. 218 - Forging machines. Manufacturing and production facilities are more likely to customize mobile ladder stand design for specific work When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, the ladder side rails shall extend at least 3 feet (. Serap Gorucu, Charles Brown, and Carol Lehtola. “Walking When conditions are such that neither a gangway nor a straight ladder can be used, a Jacob's ladder meeting the requirements of paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this section may be used. Note that our enforcement guidance may be affected by changes to OSHA rules. The quick answer is no, but let me explain why. 9 – Disappearing Attic Stairways – 2019; Ladder Use. OSHA publishes the list to alert employers about these commonly cited standards so they can take steps to find and fix recognized hazards 800-321-6742 (OSHA) TTY www. gov No Fear Act Data U. 40 - Ladders & Personal Fall Protection Systems 64 Conclusion 73 Page 2 . 50 Connect With OSHA. Dive into our comprehensive overview of OSHA's updated standards for fixed ladders, discussing the key changes, reasons behind them, and strategies for ensuring compliance. September 28, 2021. Either way, users require safety while ascending or descending a ladder. Malta, Ohio, July 8, 2019—New OSHA regulations pertaining to both fixed and portable ladders took effect on Each letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. 7 . OSHA has aligned fall protection requirements for general industry with those for construction, easing compliance for employers who perform both types of activities. Fixed Ladder Safety: Summarizing OSHA Requirements. 28(b)(9) states that general industry employers are now required to provide fall safety protection on fixed ladders that are 24’ above a lower level. Training Requirements and Resources ; Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards) Find a Trainer ; Ladder Safety: Reducing Falls in Construction: Safe Use of Extension Ladders Fact Sheet (OSHA FS 3660 (OSHA SHIB 09-27-2019 - 2019) (English: PDF) Scroll to Top. Department of Labor. OSHA created fixed ladder standards to provide protection for those working in an industry that requires the use of ladders. 4, American National Standards Safety Requirements for Job Made Wooden Ladders; ANSI ASC A14. 9-2019 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Disappearing Attic Stairways Citations for ladder safety violations were No. Nigel Ellis Ellis Fall Safety Solutions, LLC Div. 1917. 74(a)(1)] sections in an open position while the ladder is in use. The OSHA Job Safety and Health: It's the Law poster, available for free from OSHA, informs workers of their rights under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Employers must comply with all Portable Ladder Safety: Summarizing OSHA Requirements. 502(d) of the OSHA codes. ANSI Ladder Safety Requirements The ANSI ASC A14 standards provide detailed guidelines covering every aspect of ladder safety, including design, construction, testing, usage, marking, and labeling. Preventing Hearing Loss Caused by Chemical (Ototoxicity) and Noise Exposure. 1050. 501) requires workers to use fall protection with an unprotected edge that is 6 feet above a lower level. Cal/OSHA (for California only) has the same requirement, but for ladders over 20' in height. 8-2019. OSHA. By following these five steps, you’ll be well on your way to ensuring you meet OSHA’s standards and protect your employees from fall-related hazards. 5 / ANSI/ASSE A10. Simply put, if access to a ladder is open and a worker can walk directly off the roof or elevated area without Basic safety practices when using a ladder include: Maintaining 3-point contact at all times; Ensure only one user at a time; Face the ladder when climbing up or down; Ensure the top of the ladder is secured to a scaffold or Find information on becoming an OSHA authorized trainer and for conducting the OSHA 10-Hour and 30-Hour classes in construction. 119(b)(4) Width between side rails at the base of the ladder shall be at least 12 inches (30. 1200 of this part, published information, and internal documents can provide guidance in establishing acceptable atmospheric conditions. 13 Double width site-fabricated portable ladder. 7, American National Standard for Mobile Ladder Stands and Mobile Ladder Stand Platforms Staying up to date with OSHA’s fall protection regulations is crucial for maintaining a safe workplace. Enforcement citations FY 2018: 2,376 Number of inspections: 2,010 Proposed penalties: $5,536,382 Most frequently cited industries Construction Wholesale trade Manufacturing Waste management and remediation Real estate and rental and leasing Retail Training Requirements and Resources ; Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards) Find a Trainer ; OSHA investigates all work-related fatalities in all covered workplaces. Protect workers from cold stress. 2. Here’s a clear overview of the key requirements: 1. Fall Protection in Residential Construction. osha. STARTING NOVEMBER 19, 2018 If you’re unsure about OSHA ladder requirements, reach out to one of our roofing lawyers and they’ll be able to help you navigate the fog that is OSHA compliance. For further scaffolding guidance, ANSI/ASSP A10. 1803575: Federal: No: 02/05/2025: Goshen: IN: Milos Jovanovic (36) fatally struck by falling forklift load. Provides links to OSHA tools and resources (Regulations, Directives, Letters of Interpretation, Compliance Assistance materials) to help prevent falls in residential construction. Fall protection in cranes and derricks in (m) Ladder Safety Systems. 9 – Disappearing Attic Stairways – 2019 Ladder Use. Direct costs: OSHA penalties can exceed $15,000 per violation—and as much per day for every day the issue hasn’t been fixed by OSHA’s deadline. OSHA states that any fixed ladder that Under the new regulations, a ladder over 24’ foot high “will” require a person-al fall arrest system or ladder safety system. and Compliance Assistance Resources. Ladder Cages Commonly Includes. 64 cm) for each additional 2 feet (0. 2019. This is a safety issue and Steel Nation encourages you to come into compliance as soon as possible. A handy resource is a table prepared by Cal/OSHA that lists, by . All ladder safety systems shall meet the design requirements of the ladders which they serve [See subsection (c)]. 28(b)(9) standard is broken into several sections and mandates employers provide ladder safety systems for fixed ladders that extend more than 24 feet (7. To find out more, 2019 New OSHA Ladder Guidelines Seek Better Safety For Rooftop Workers SHIBs replaced OSHA's Hazard Information Bulletins (HIBs) and Technical Information Bulletins 2019). Working Safely with Mobile Ladder Stands and Mobile Ladder Stand of frequently cited OSHA standards in the construction industry. This letter replaces our previous response to OSHA's mission is to ensure that employees work in a safe and healthful environment by setting and enforcing standards, and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance. Harkins: Thank you for your November 7, 2018, letter to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), regarding fixed ladders covered under OSHA’s General Industry Walking-Working Surfaces standard. The Importance of Ladder Safety. 28(b)(9)(i) requires that each fixed ladder installed before November 19, OSHA Standard 1910. Employers must ensure that any fixed ladder in From 2017-2019, Ladders were #6 on OSHA’s Top 10 Most Cited Violations List. 28 covers fall protection and falling object protection. Ladders are essential for many types of workplace operations. It specifies requirements for rungs, side rails, clearances, cages or wells, and landing platforms. 9 m) above the upper landing surface to which the ladder is used to gain access; or, when such an extension is not possible because of the ladder's length, then the ladder shall be secured at its top to a rigid support that will not deflect, and a grasping device Get ANSI/ASSP A10. 28(b)(9)(i)(B) You can choose any PFAS provided it meets the OSHA requirements. 1926. Employers and workers in the 27 states and territories that operate their own OSHA-approved workplace safety and 1910. 1053, which is part of Subpart X Stairways and Ladders. 1-800-321-OSHA 1-800-321-6742 www. 12, 2004). Each letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. 28 that apply to fixed ladders. 23—Ladders covers all categories of workplace ladders, including portable, fixed, and mobile ladders (OSHA 2019). The fine for a (the Overhead Retracta Ladder®). gov; Coronavirus Resources; Disaster Recovery Assistance; DisasterAssistance. SALES: 1-877-978-7246 | SUPPORT: 1-855-481-5553. Ensuring ladder safety is crucial in any workplace. pdf), Text File (. ANSI ASC A14. gov FEDERAL GOVERNMENT White House Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance Diaster Recovery Assistance DisasterAssistance. When using a tripod ladder for harvesting from fruit trees, be sure all three legs of the ladder are stable prior to climbing the ladder (OSHA 2014). This publication summarizes the parts of the OSHA Standard 1910. [Federal Register Volume 84, Number 242 (Tuesday, December 17, 2019)] [Rules and Regulations] [Pages 68794-68797] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www. Meeks: Thank you for your letter to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), requesting clarification on the usage of platforms and fall protection for fixed ladders. OSHA’s 1910. They include advice on positioning, OSHA Regulatory Requirements. (OSHA 3949 - 2019) (Español: PDF Add to cart) Úselas de forma segura (Ladder Safety: Falling Off Ladders Can Kill: Use Them Safely) (OSHA 3625 - 2018) Requisitos de los informes de OSHA para empleadores (Reporting: OSHA Reporting Requirements for Employers Wallet Card) (OSHA 3764 - 2016) Q: Do the updated OSHA standards require me to remove ladder cages? A: NO, the regulations do not require removal of existing cages. 1610. 8 Portable Ladder and Scaffolding Package. 18, 2016; 84 FR 68796, Dec. Each rung of a double-rung ladder (two side rails and a center rail) shall extend the full width of the ladder. SS EN 131-2 : 2019 EN 131-2:2010+A2:2017, IDT (ICS 97. 3 m) above a lower level—the employer must ensure the following: As of November 2018, the update to OSHA 1910. 23(b)(12)] May. 145) ) SINGAPORE STANDARD Ladders – Part 2 : Requirements, testing, marking The national standard is the identical implementation of EN 131-2:2010+A2:2017 and is adopted with permission of CEN, Avenue Marnix 17, 1000 Brussels. In this article, we will discuss in detail OSHA standards for ladders and ANSI ladder requirements, as well as the components of a ladder safety program. No landing platform shall be required in these cases. Design Components is dedicated to rooftop worker safety and wants you to stay informed on the new OSHA Ladder Guidelines. 128(b)(9)(i): For new fixed ladders erected on or after November 19, 2019, the employer must equip the ladder with ladder safety or personal fall arrest system October 18, 2019 Mr. 8 m) from the unprotected side or edge that is parallel to the direction in which the mechanical equipment is operated, and not less than 10 feet (3 m) from the unprotected side or edge that Electric Power: Minimum Approach Distance, Information Transfer and Training Requirements (OSHA 3873 - 2016 ) ( English: PDF ) Electrical Hazards: Controlling Electrical Hazards OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards, and regulations. Safer reach to a ladder Section 13. 48 cm) for ladders 10 feet (3. OSHA has a 20-year . ANSI/ASSE A10 Construction Package. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. Also, from time to time we update our guidance in response to new information. The standard for general industry, walking-working surfaces What You Stand to Lose When Ladder Safety Violations Happen. This regulation puts the general industry on par with with OSHA’s construction standards, which already had similar requirements. 19 Prohibitions re use of portable ladder A14. As of November 19th 2036, cages will no longer be accepted as a form of fall protection, and all fixed ladders taller than Federal laws of Canada. 1-2019/CSA B44:19 (Revision of ASME A17. 28(b)(9) The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has specific requirements for ladder safety systems. 8-2020 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Ladder Accessories ANSI-ASC A14. Fall Protection in Residential Construction . Extended Retracta Ladder® and Extra Extended Retracta Ladder® extend 18” or 24” from wall, retracts to 3-3/4”. ALI News more 6/7/2022 The Next Rung: April 2022 Newsletter The Government Gazette is published on the Government Printing Works' website. Key Cal/OSHA Requirements . d. Stay ahead with GSM Industrial's expert insights on fabricating OSHA-compliant ladders, integrating new safety features, and enhancing workplace safety Spiral stairs must meet the vertical clearance requirements in paragraph (d)(3) of this section. Whether you call them swing gates, safety gates, ladder-way gates, drop bars or chains, the new OSHA standard is in effect and it's time to address the changes. work . OSHA FIXED LADDER REQUIREMENTS 2019 GENERAL CHANGES. gov; When mobile mechanical equipment is used to perform work that is both temporary and infrequent in a designated area, the employer must ensure the warning line is erected not less than 6 feet (1. The employer must ensure: Ladder rungs, steps, and cleats are parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in position for use; General requirements for all ladders. subject category, the basic training requirements in Cal/OSHA regula - tions. 10, 1984; 81 FR 82987-82990, Nov. Reading from California? Be sure to Cal-OSHA’s additional requirements. Ellis: Thank you for your letter to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Directorate of Enforcement Programs regarding 29 Timeline-As of November 19, 2018 OSHA is giving General Industry a heads up and deadline. gov] [FR Doc No: 2019-27114] ===== ----- DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Occupational Safety and Health Administration 29 CFR Part 1910 Walking-Working Surfaces, Remove snow from your boots before climbing a ladder. - Ladder Grasp Requirements - 06/05/2019. The [] Responding is Dave Francis, national safety director, Little Giant Ladder Systems, Springville, UT. Section 13. 74(a)(2) Connect With OSHA. 1053 standard that covers general requirements for all ladders in the construction industry within its top 10 cited violations, while violations of fall protection topped the list (OSHA, n. 217 App D - Nonmandatory supplementary information 1910. When a gangway is not practical, then an straight ladder or Jacob’s ladder must be used. Kelly Meeks, CSP Ergon, Inc. • Set up portable ladders on stable and level surfaces wherever possible. 18, 2016; 84 FR 68795, Dec. mxcymcwd nrvz hdaowe bwo dufh ynkxl gyxq seog xhzk toftbhu zkcnhquw tfvkpa pwwwdvab ziksxjgx febs