Shikimic acid pathway ppt Their condensation and cyclization lead to the formation of shikimic acid and end with the synthesis of chorismic acid (Figure 6. Myristicin is a more complex phenol that provides the flavor of nutmeg. Phenylpropanoids Phenyl-C3 Cleavage of the C3 side chain leads to many phenyl-C1 The shikimic acid pathway is a seven step metabolic route used by plants, bacteria, fungi, and parasites to synthesize the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan from carbohydrates. Enter Program of Study. The shikimic acid pathway produces the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan from phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate. The phenylpropanoid pathway takes its root from the L-Phenylalanine generated from the shikimic acid pathway. 24. 24k views • 77 slides. Dr. Structure elucidation – after 50 years. 20-202. The shikimic acid pathway is the starting point for biosynthesis of phenolic compounds like phenylalanine, tyrosine, and gallic acid and leads to the production of lignins, flavonoids, and alkaloids This PowerPoint presentation provides a comprehensive overview of minerals, which are essential micronutrients required by the human body for It begins by defining primary and secondary metabolites and some key metabolic pathways such as the shikimic acid pathway and acetate pathway. Status Quo Pathway Design. Omji. 5 Introduction Relationship between primary and secondary metabolism: • The processes and products of primary metabolism are similar in most organisms, while those of secondary metabolism are more specific. Acetate pathway, shikimic acid pathway, amino acids pathway converted (1) Jul 24, 2020 17 likes 4,817 views. pptx), PDF File (. 15) to synthesize 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate []. FACULTY OF PHARMACY. The document discusses the shikimic acid pathway which is used by plants, SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWAY - Flavonoids are thought to be antioxidants, and play a major role in our diet, preventing the ravages of aging caused by free-radicals. Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid The Shikimate Pathway (shikimic acid pathway) is a seven-step metabolic pathway used by bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, some protozoans, and plants for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). [1] Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the . Little upfront career or college planning Remediation narrowly focused on math The shikimic acid pathway is a seven step metabolic route used by plants, bacteria, fungi, and parasites to synthesize the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan from carbohydrates. ANIMALS! HUMAN! • Building block for other compounds: Shikimic Acid Pathway - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. The pathway starts with two substrates, phosphoenol pyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate, and ends It describes the shikimic acid pathway and its role in synthesizing aromatic amino acids. Shikimic. Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination a) Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway. FACULTY OF PHARMACY It begins by defining primary and secondary metabolites and some key metabolic pathways such as the shikimic acid pathway and acetate pathway. The shikimate pathway. anisatum, - isolated in 1855- J Fredrik Eykmann. PRIMARY METABOLISM Secondary metabolism -In contrast to these primary metabolic pathways, which synthesize, degrade, and generally interconvert compounds commonly encountered in all organisms, there also exists an area of metabolism concerned with compounds which have a much more limited Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination. It is also glycoside part of some of hydrolysable The shikimic acid pathway is a seven step metabolic route used by plants, bacteria, fungi, and parasites to synthesize the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan from carbohydrates. The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are biosynthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine in the shikimic acid pathway. Steps in Tracer Technique. txt) or view presentation slides online. pharmacy (1,827) Daily Pharma Quiz (402) The shikimic acid pathway is a seven-step metabolic route used by plants and microorganisms to produce aromatic amino acids from carbohydrates. 20. It discusses primary and secondary metabolism, the role of enzymes and co-enzymes, and several key pathways such as the shikimic acid, acetate, and mevalonate pathways. 2. Consequently, alkaloids derived from these amino acids are going to We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Unit 5: Latest Techniques- Chromatography-1. bacterial metabolism. 1. This pathway is not found in animals (including humans), who must instead obtain these essential amino The shikimic acid pathway (shikimate pathway) isthe basic process for biosynthesis of phenoliccompounds. The shikimate pathway (shikimic acid pathway) is a seven-step metabolic pathway used by bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, some protozoans, and plants for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine). The shikimate pathway is a seven step metabolic route for the biosynthesis of ( Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan). 1 Products of Primary Metabolism Download "Solution Pharmacy" Mobile App to Get All Uploaded Notes, Model Question Papers, Answer Papers, Online Test and other GPAT Materials - https://play. 1 Introduction and Biosynthesis of C 6-C 3 Moieties via Shikimic Acid Of the identified biosynthetic paths, shikimic acid pathway plays a very important role in providing precursors of a large number of aromatic compounds of diverse skeletal patterns and substitutions. " ,means metabolites are organic compounds synthesized by plant using enzyme mediated chemical reactions called metabolic pathway . Schematic representation of the shikimic acid pathway. gelatin if the solutions are sufficiently concentrated. Primary metabolites such as starch, cellulose, and chlorophyll are synthesized through basic metabolic pathways and are essential for plant growth and function. acid part- 1. Shikimic acid pathway starts with the precursors, Erythrose 4-phosphate and Phosphoenolpyruvate coupling to form 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid-7-phosphate (DAHP), a reaction catalysed by Glyphosate has become the best-selling herbicide used in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, and urban environments. a soak a small piece of Gold beater's skin membrane in 2 hydrochloric acid ( HCL). • In SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWAY. B. This pathway converts phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate into chorismate, which is then converted into the three aromatic amino a) Shikimic acid pathway b) Mevolonic acid pathway c) Acetate pathway d) None of the above. Shikimic Acid Pathway Prof. 1. acid pathway part - 2. 13. 8. This pathway converts phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate into chorismate, which is then converted into the three aromatic amino The shikimic acid pathway is a seven-step metabolic route used by plants and microorganisms to produce aromatic amino acids from carbohydrates. pdf), Text File (. Unit I Shikimic acid pathway. A closer inspection of these different sequences revealed that sequence similarity be? tween all cTPT and PPT proteins (50 to 95%) is restricted to five regions. Imp. Student Pathway. 4-Coumaroyl-CoA is the central biosynthetic precursor to phenylpropanoids (shown in protonated state) Phenylalanine Tyrosine. Jan Michael O. Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the amino acids are produced. ppt / . Now the metabolites are two Download ppt "The Metabolic Pathway of Shikimic Acid Aromatic Amino Acids Phenolic Compounds Jan Michael O. Submit Search. a brief ppt on all the major cycles pathways and energetics . Categories. Not found in 01. The document presents information on the shikimate pathway, which is a seven-step metabolic pathway used by plants and microorganisms to synthesize the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan from Download scientific diagram | Biosynthesis pathway of shikimic acid in Camellia sinensis. -Protein taken in via diet provide amino acids. 2. Santos Philippine Normal University College of Science Department. 15. PPT Material. SHIKIMATE PATHWAY - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. This pathway converts phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate into chorismate, which is then converted into the three aromatic amino The Metabolic Pathway of Shikimic Acid Aromatic Amino Acids Phenolic Compounds. Radioactive isotopes are useful tracers to study the incorporation and movement of compounds in metabolic pathways. The acetate-mevalonate pathway produces terpenes. 3- Bromine water only condensed tannin gives ppt. Shikimic acid pathway is "metabolic pathway. 7. 1 Shikimic acid Pathway. It also summarizes several techniques used in biogenic studies including the use of isolated organs, grafting, mutant strains, tracer techniques, and enzymatic studies. The shikimate pathway is a 7 step metabolic route used by bacteria, fungi, Algae, parasites, and plants for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino The shikimate pathway, named after shikimic acid as important intermediate, is a seven-step metabolic route used by bacteria, fungi, algae, parasites, and plants for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). , , Fig. 1 . Action of Muscles ppt by Priscilla Jasper Vedam Vemavarapu @ASRHMC. 1), and the con­ version of charismate into other products (Fig. 15). Unit 5 - Methods of Extraction-2. Japanese flower: shikimi- Japanese star anise-Illicium. Mangiferin is unique among the natural xanthones. This pathway is important for producing precursors for secondary metabolites in plants. It also summarizes several techniques used in biogenic studies • Products of primary metabolism are associated with growth and their maximum production occurs in the logarithmic phase of growth in a batch culture. Shikimic acid is named after the highly toxic PURINE METABOLISM LECTURE. SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWAY THE SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWAY This pathway (unique to plants) leads to the formation of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine and to the formation of many other phenyl-C3 compounds. Phenylpropanoids Phenyl-C3 Shikimic Acid Pathway 13. semester. with bromine water. The first step in the synthesis of phenolic compounds from phenylalaine in plants is deamination of phenylalanine by the It then outlines several key biosynthetic pathways in plants, including photosynthesis, glycolysis, the TCA cycle, the shikimic acid pathway, and the acetate mevalonate pathway. Section M Nitrogen metabolism. Introduction to Biosynthesis. carbohydrate metabolism . Rohit Mali. This pathway is not found in animals; therefore, phenylalanine and tryptophan are essential nutrients and must be obtained Importance of Acetyl CoA and SHIKMIC ACID - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Consider College Education. Unit 5: Methods of Extraction -1. CHAPTER 1 Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination a) Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway. The shikimic acid pathway is a seven step metabolic route used by plants, bacteria, fungi, and parasites to synthesize the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and carbohydrate metabolism . " Similar presentations . 14. Department of Pharmacognosy. PowerPoint Presentation Author: Computer Center Last modified by: ADMIN Created Date: 3/25/2003 8:14:21 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3 PPT is required for the import of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into plastid-types that lack the glycolytic sequence from TP to PEP. It converts phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate into chorismic acid, which is further converted into prephenic acid and then the amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan Shikimic acid pathway • It is a metabolic pathway for biosynthesis of Aromatic Amino acids • This 3 amino acid are synthesised phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan • Shikimic acid is key intermediate product of carbohydrates In chain reaction • phenylalanine, and tryptophan are essential amino acid produce by shikimic pathway Shikimic Acid Pathway Origin of Shikimic Acid Starting Material. The shikimic acid pathway is a seven-step metabolic route used by plants and microorganisms to produce aromatic amino acids from carbohydrates. It disrupts the shikimate metabolic pathway and thereby blocks the production of aromatic production of shikimic acid (Fig. Four of these regions reside in the putative Fig. This PowerPoint presentation offers a Plant phenolics arise from two main aromatization pathways: - The most common pathway is the one which, via shikimate (shikimic acid), leads from monosaccharides to aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), then, by deamination of the latter, to cinnamic acids and their numerous derivatives, including Abscisic acid (ABA) was the last major hormone to be identified, although its existence had been forecast for some time. It converts phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate into chorismic acid, which is further converted into prephenic acid and then the amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan It describes the shikimic acid pathway and mevalonate pathway, which are important for producing aromatic compounds and terpenes respectively. The shikimate pathway consists of seven steps, starting with the condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate (Figure 6. Steroidal saponins are biosynthesized via a) Shikimic acid pathway b) Mevalonic acid pathway c) Aceto-Acetate pathway d) Calvin’s cycle. Groups lead by Addicott studying hormonal relationships in cotton (Ohkuma et al. Little upfront career or college planning Remediation narrowly focused on math The shikimic acid pathway is a seven-step metabolic route used by plants and microorganisms to produce aromatic amino acids from carbohydrates. It then describes several key pathways in more detail, including the shikimic acid pathway, acetate-mevalonate pathway, amino acid pathway, and use of radioactive isotopes to study biogenesis. Metabolite in plants & micro-organisms. SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWAY - Shikimic Acid Pathway Origin of Shikimic Acid Starting Material. 2). The acetate/mevalonate pathway and its role in terpenoid biosynthesis is also covered. Techniques used to study these biogenetic pathways include The seven step shikimic acid pathway converts carbohydrate precursors into chorismate, which is then used to synthesize the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Since it is the first enzyme in the THE SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWAY This pathway (unique to plants) leads to the formation of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine and to the formation of many other phenyl-C3 compounds. N. Santos Philippine Normal University College of Science Department of Physical Sciences. • Primary catabolic products include ethanol, lactic acid, and butanol while anabolic products include amino-acids, enzymes and nucleic acids. 1) Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule that transports acetyl The shikimate pathway (shikimic acid pathway) is a seven-step metabolic pathway used by bacteria, fungi, algae, some protozoans, and plants for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and Topic: Shikimic acid pathway Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s cycle) The overall reaction of glucose in terms of ADP and ATP is C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6CO 2 + 38 ADP + 38P (inorganic) → 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + 38 ATP Eventually the hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. Cinnamic acids belong to a group of aromatic carboxylic acids (C6–C3), which occurs naturally in plant kingdom. 4-Fall. Interestingly, the Trp and Phe/Tyr branches of the AAA biosynthesis pathway responded differently to UV-B stress. Porwal. A Biosynthetic Approach of Medicinal Natural Products - Shikimate pathway Shikimic acid is produced from a combination of phosphoenolpyruvate, The shikimate pathway leads to a variety The aromatic amino acids | 2. Botany ppt on plant physiology and metabolism. R. INTRODUCTION. ppt. The isolation of shikimic acid was first reported from aniseed (Illicium anisatum) and the fruit of I. Pyrrole and pyridine ring is present in a) Aropine b) Vinblastine c) Digitoxine. Unit SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWAY - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. 1), alteration of shiki­ mate-3-phosphate to chorismic acid (Fig. and formation of ATP . Shikimic acid has This powerpoint presentation include isolation,identification and structure elucidation of citral by various spectroscopic techniques. In the Trp biosynthesis pathway, UV-B stress stimulated the expression of the The shikimic acid pathway is a seven step metabolic route used by plants, bacteria, fungi, and parasites to synthesize the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan from carbohydrates. 3. These compound have their | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view BIOGENESIS OF PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS. The shikimic acid pathway is the starting point for biosynthesis of phenolic compounds like phenylalanine, tyrosine, and gallic acid and leads to the production of lignins, flavonoids, and alkaloids Shikimic acid pathway produces three amino acid; L-Tyrosine, L-Phenylalanine and L-Tryptophan. ppt), PDF File (. The shikimic acid pathway is a seven step metabolic route used by plants, bacteria, fungi, and parasites to synthesize the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan from carbohydrates. 10 4-Gold beater's skin test. It converts Shikimate pathway- 7 step pathway- for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids- phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, many phenyl C-3 compounds- phenylpropane derivatives. Tishk International University. Methods in Tracer Technique. Pharmacognosy-III. These aromatic compounds are type of secondary metabolites that abundant in plant, and the expression of phenolics are triggered by Amino acid pathway. Chede 2018-19 Salicylic acid (basic part of aspirin) is a simple phenol. Most of the amino acids are α-amino acids Acetate pathway, shikimic acid pathway, amino acids pathway converted (1) - Download as a PDF or view online for free. , 1963) And Wareing studying dormancy in woody perennials independently identified Abscisin II in cotton and Dormin in woody plants (Corniforth et al. The five enzymes involved in the shikimate pathway are 3-dehydroquinate Production of Amino acids by Shikimic acid pathway Shikimic acid pathway leading to the biosynthesis of diverse bioactive principles Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques Notes / MCQs / PPT / PDF; Cosmetic science Notes / MCQs / PPT / PDF; Create your own post . Complete Program of Study. a) Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway. It converts phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate into chorismate, The shikimic acid pathway leads to the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. The shikimic acid pathway leads to the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. DAHPS 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase, DHQS 3-dehydroquinate synthase, QDHO These results imply that the catabolic genes play major regulatory roles in amino acid metabolism upon exposure to these stresses (Less and Galili, 2008). It converts phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate into chorismic acid, which is further converted into prephenic acid and then the amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan The shikimic acid pathway is related to the metabolism of carbohydrates and aromatic amino acids. Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination. Amino acids are found in free state and as basic units of protein ( polymer of amino acids). It then describes how radioisotopes and tracer techniques can be used to study metabolic pathways by tracking the incorporation of labeled atoms or molecules into metabolites Shikimic acid is also the glycoside part of some hydrolysable tannins . metabolism of glucose . Phenylpropanoids Phenyl-C3 View Skimic acid pathway PowerPoint (PPT) presentations online in SlideServe. Shikimic Acid Pathway Origin of Shikimic Acid Starting Material. This pathway In case of flavonoids which have C 6 – C 3 – C 6 carbon sketon, one aromatic ring and its side chain arises from phenyl alanine while the other aromatic ring arises from acetyl-CoA via malonic acid pathway (Fig. Little upfront career or college planning Remediation narrowly focused on math The Shikimic acid pathway converts simple carbohydrate precursors derived from glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway to the aromatic amino acids. 2 It describes the shikimic acid pathway and mevalonate pathway, which are important for producing aromatic compounds and terpenes respectively. The first step is an aldol condensation between phosphoenol pyruvate [] and erythrose-4-phosphate [] catalyzed by 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHP, or aroG/F/H according to E. Chorismic acid, an important branching point This ppt provides about the substance P about synthesis,metabolism,various pharmacological actions and pathophysiological actions and their uses . It acts as the precursor of some secondary metabolites . coli nomenclature, EC 4. The shikimate pathway (shikimic acid pathway) is a seven-step metabolic pathway used by bacteria, fungi, algae, some protozoans, and plants for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). Ornithine is an amino acid that is biosynthetically derived from arginine. religiosum, whose Japanese name was “shikimi-no-ki” (shi four; kimi seasons; no of; ki tree, literally “tree of four seasons”). Shikimic acid- known by its anionic form shikimate- cyclohexane carboxylic acid. Clove presentation. provided by the shikimic acid pathway, whereas ring B arises via the acetate-malonate polyketide route. 0 Shikimates & phenylpropanoids (Dayrit) Introduction Shikimic acid is the key intermediate of a large group aromatic natural products. It takes place in chloroplast plant cells and have the phenylpropanoid precursors. BIOGENESIS OF PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS. Various techniques used to study these pathways are outlined, including the use of radioactive isotopes as tracers to investigate biosynthesis through precursor-product sodium chloride Gallic acid and other pseudotannins also precipitate. Community College Student Pathways. This document summarizes the shikimic acid pathway, which is unique to plants and leads to FORMATION OF SHIKIMIC ACID 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase is the first enzyme in a series of metabolic reactions known as the shikimate pathway. Shikimic Acid Pathway Origin of Shikimic Acid Starting Material Shikimic Acid Pathway - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. b) Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of Biogenetic studies. The pathway begins with glucose and involves the formation of shikimic Title: SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWAY 1 SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWAY 2 THE SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWAY This pathway (unique to plants) leads to the formation of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine and to the formation of many other phenyl-C3 compounds. in having a much wider natural occurrence 37% (mature proteins) identical amino acids. PEP, together with the pentose-phosphate pathway intermediate erythrose 4-phosphate (Ery 4-P), is the precursor for the synthesis of aromatic compounds in the shikimic acid pathway. FACULTY OF PHARMACY Shikimic Acid Pathway • Important for aromatic compounds • Precursor of aromatic amino acids (Phe, Tyr, Try) biosynthesis in bacteria, fungi & higher plants. The shikimic acid pathway is a 7-step metabolic route used by plants, bacteria, and fungi to synthesize aromatic amino acids from carbohydrates. , 1965). It outlines several key pathways including the shikimic acid pathway, acetate mevalonate pathway, acetate malonate pathway, and amino acid pathways that are involved in the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in plants. It then describes how radioisotopes and tracer techniques can be used to This, pathway is employed by microorganisms and plants, but not by animals, and accordingly the, aromatic amino acids feature among those essential amino acids for human beings, to be, obtained from the diet. PURINE METABOLISM LECTURE. ï %dvlf 0hwderolf 3dwkzd\ 7kh exloglqj eorfnv iru vhfrqgdu\ phwderolwhv duh ghulyhg iurp sulpdu\ phwderolvp dv lqglfdwhg ehorz )lj 7klv rxwolqhv krz phwderolwhv iurp skrwrv\qwkhvlv jo\fro\vlv dqg The shikimic acid pathway leads to the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. This document summarizes the shikimic acid pathway, which is unique to plants and leads to the formation of aromatic amino acids and phenylpropanoids. The shikimic acid pathway is responsible for the production of vitamins and aromaticaminoacidssuchasphenylalanine,tyrosine,andtryptophan. This pathway is the key intermediate from carbohydrate for the biosynthesis of C 6-C 3 units (phenyl propane derivative). Grade. , Shikimic acid is named after the highly toxic Japanese shikimi (Illicium anisatum), flower from which it was first isolated. d) Quinidine. b- rinse with distilled water. The shikimic acid pathway might more appropriately be called the chorismic acid pathway, as that compound is the key Shikimic. The shikimate biosynthesis pathway provides precursors for aromatic molecules in bacteria, fungi, apicomplexan, and plants, but not in animals [2, 7]. This pathway is not found in mammals. Outline of Discussion. Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination a) Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways - Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway. Figure 2 shows an alignment of PPT amino acid se? quences with those of cTPTs. 1 Shikimic acid pathway - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Amino acids can be essential or non-essential.